D1143 test method for piles under static axial compres sive load3. A total of 22 indicator piles were installed on the project using the pile driving analyzer to monitor the pile behavior. Pdf verification of pile load capacity using static pile load test. It is a standard practice to conduct load tests in large projects either in the design phase or during construction. Static load tests were applied only to a small sample of piles on any project due to. Astm d1143d1143m07 standard test methods for deep foundations under static axial compressive load. When the concrete compressive strength is not lower than 80% of the design mix strength, the load test can be conducted. Astm d3689 standard test methods for deep foundations.
Axial performance of continuousflightauger piles for bearing. Test pile program to determine axial capacity and pile. Different types of loads on pile foundations and their. The following article provides deep foundation contractors with a load test overview that discusses implementation and the differing methods commonly utilized. Standard test method for highstrain dynamic testing of. Astmd3689 standard test methods for deep foundations. Pile load tests including quickload test method, conventional. Test procedures shall conform to astm d114307, standard test method for pile under static axial compressive load andor astm d368907, standard test method for pile under static axial tension load unless otherwise specified by the engineer. Federation of piling specialists handbook on pile load testing. Plans, specifications, provisions, or any combination thereof prepared by a qualified engineer may provide additional requirements and procedures as. Astmd8169 standard test methods for deep foundations under.
Cast in place pile, axial load capacity, standard penetration test spt, piezocone penetration test cptu 1. Axial load test procedures for pile foundations free download as pdf file. However, load testing can involve uplift or axial tension tests. It is required to understand the types of loads on piles and their transfer mechanism in order to select and design a suitable type of pile. Plans, specifications, andor provisions prepared by a qualified engineer may provide additional requirements and procedures as needed to satisfy the objectives of a particular test program. Static load testing applies load incrementally to a deepfoundation.
Axial load test procedures for pile foundations deep. Instrumentation and axial load testing of displacement. The assembled package for the single pile load testing is shown in fig. Test results may also provide information used to assess the distribution of side shear. Axial load test procedures for pile foundations pdh. Astm d578018 red standard test methods for individual. Axial performance of continuousflightauger piles for bearing 6. A pile which is designed to resist an axial force such as would cause it to penetrate further into the ground. Instrumentation and axial load testing of displacement piles. These methods apply to all deep foundations, referred to herein as piles, that function in a manner similar to driven piles or cast in. Because of the nonavailability of reliable procedures for assessing the load transfer mechanisms between piles and surrounding soil, or for determining the ultimate capacity of piles, fullscale load tests are conducted. All phases of testing and data collection should be monitored by an engineer familiar with the project and pile load test procedures and. The piles should be loaded to at least two times the design load, and preferably to failure. The engineer should determine how the size and shape.
Test procedures for conventional toploaded axial compression testing of a single pile are presented in. Test methods for deep foundations under static axial compressive load. Standard test methods for deep foundations under static. D maintained load test a loading test in which each increment of load is held constant either for a defined. Tests that achieve a failure load may help the designer improve the efficiency of the foundation by reducing the piling length, quantity, or size. The test pile, installation equipment and installation procedure should be identical to that intended to be used for production piles to the extent practical. The test procedure involves applying an axial load to the top of the test pile with one or more hydraulic jacks. These methods apply to all deep foundations, referred to herein as piles, that function in a manner similar to driven piles or castinplace piles, regardless of their method of installation, and may be used for testing single piles or. A variety of high and lowstrain load test procedures exist to determine the suitability of pilesoil systems for proposed pile design loads. A poorly performed pile load test may be worse than having no test at all. Pdf effect of surcharge pressure on pile static axial load test.
Reese, describes the results of axial load tests of instrumented drilled shafts having varying geometry. Because the iowa dot pile load tests used in calibration were conducted at a time when standard penetration test hammers averaged about 60% efficiency and because the industry is. The excess load test procedure involves loading and unloading the pile following the standard procedure. These methods apply to all deep foundations, referred to herein as piles, that function in a manner similar to driven piles or cast in place piles, regardless of their method of. This minimum distance will depend on such things as the magnitude of load to be applied and the subsoil conditions. Test method d 1143 provides a direct and more reliable measurement of static capacity. Initial tests the safe load on a single pile shall be the least of the following. Axial load capacity of cast in place piles from spt and cptu data. Axial load test procedures for pile foundations deep foundation. The static pile load test gives the most accurate indication of the capacity of the inplace pile. Introduction the construction site, where the spt and cptu tests are carried out, is located in the area of semani beach, near fier city, albania. The maximum test load to be applied must be agreed in advance so that the test pile, pile cap if required and the load testing equipment reaction pileskentledge hydraulic ram and pumpbidirectional load cellrapid or dynamic test energy can all be designed or chosen so as to apply the maximum test load safely. P applied axial load pall allowable axial structural load of pile m bending moment from analysis mall allowable bending strength of the pile the allowable bending moment must consider the threaded joint section of the pile.
Jacking against reaction piles is the most economical method, with the load in these piles limited to 25 to 50 percent of the test piles load. Astmd3689 standard test methods for deep foundations under. Plans, specifications, provisions, or any combination thereof prepared by a qualified engineer may provide additional requirements and procedures as needed to satisfy the objectives of a. Criteria for the design of axially loaded drilled shafts. An approximation for the section modulus of the flush joint thread length is 50% of the section modulus of. The guidance is based on the present state of technology for pile soilstructurefoundation interaction behavior. The advantages of static load tests and accounting for setup are demonstrated. Such influence could reflect a greater or lesser ultimate belaring capacity than actual. This standard provides minimum requirements for testing deep foundations under static axial tensile load. C kentledge the dead weight used in a loading test.
Pile foundation is the most common type of deep foundation used to transmit structural loads, namely axial load and lateral load into the deeper layers of firm soil. Study of dynamic methods of predicting pile axial load capacity by. Implementation of aashto lrfd bridge design specification. Axial pile load tests are among the design procedures of most major construction projects that include pile foundations, and the aim is to determine both the pile stiffness and the ultimate. Cyclic axial behaviour of piles and pile groups in sand. Align the measuring devices parallel to the longitudinal axis of the test pile and the axis of.
Astm d 368907 test methods for deep foundations under static. A trio of methods are commonly used when applying loads to test piles. Some important paragraphs in eurocode 7 relating to pile static load tests. Excess load test procedures to prove the pile can support 200% of the design load and to find the ultimate capacity at failure. All pile load test results were analyzed using the six different interpretation methods mentioned above 0 4 8 12 16 20 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 load, q ton settlement, s mm pile no.
Deep foundations under static axial tensile load1 centurion. Axial load test procedures for pile foundations pdh courses. Routine pile load testing is often the decision of the foundation engineer, but may be. Deep foundations under static axial compressive load1. Level the ground surrounding the test pile and put up an 8m length reference beam about. Minimum 7 days after casting of the test pile, send concrete test cubes for compression test. Chapter 1, foundation investigations, of this manual explained how. Two axial pile load tests on dcm piles dcmc1 and dcmc2 and eight axial pile load tests on sdcm piles sdcmc1 to sdcmc8 varying the length and the sectional area of prestressed concrete core pile as listed in table 2. Static load tests may be carried out on trial piles, installed for test purposes only, before the design is finalised, or on working piles, which form part of the foundation 7. The reaction force is transferred to the anchor piles that go into tension in the case of a static load test in compression. Compressive loads were applied to the test piles using a. Note 1the analysis of a dynamic test will under predict the ultimate axial static compression capacity if the pile movement during the impact event is too small. As part of this task, an updated version of the fhwa deep foundation load test database dlftd v.
Capacity evaluation methods of deep foundations pile dynamics. It is a standard practice to conduct load tests in large projects either in the design phase or during. Plans, specifications, andor provisions prepared by a qualified engineer may provide additional requirements and procedures as needed to satisfy the objectives of a. Astm d 1143d 1143m07 standard test methods for deep foundations under static axial compression astm international, 2007. The static pile load test on a single pile involve uplift force, axial compression and lateral tests when applied. Pile head axial displacements were measured using a linearly variable differential transformer lvdt mounted on the carrier plate of the twodimensional actuator. Plans, specifications, provisions, or any combination thereof prepared by a qualified engineer may provide additional requirements and procedures as needed to satisfy the objectives of a particular test program. Analysis dynamic analysis load test on pile penetration tests load test on pile. For drilled shafts or micropiles, locate these support piles not less than 10 ft. The three instrumented test piles were also subjected to axial load tests to failure and the resulting data included with numerous other recent local load tests in a database, against which several potential geotechnical design methods were tested. For the field analysis methods, a new procedure to improve the agreement between the pile lengths estimated in the design and finalized in the field is presented. The pile was instrumented with two load cells to measure axial forces at the pile head and base separately.
The arrangement for an axial compression test is generally done using either a dead load platform, or a hydraulic jack with reaction or anchor piles. Test piles should be located so that they can be incorporated into the final work as service piles if practical. The test procedure involves applying an axial load to the top of the test. Pile foundations, including helical screw foundations, that. Astm d 368907 test methods for deep foundations under. Analysis of the axial load test results confirmed the preliminary findings given above and also confirmed that with appropriate construction controls. For axial compression and tension load tests, additional. Pdf this paper presents the effect of surcharge supports pressure on pile.
Standard test methods for deep foundations under static axial. These methods apply to all deep foundations, referred to herein as piles, which function in a manner similar to driven piles, cast in place piles, or barrettes, regardless. Chapter 8 static pile load testing and pile dynamic analysis. The test results may not represent the longterm performance of a deep foundation. Chapter 8 static pile load testing and pile dynamic analysis pile. Deep foundations under lateral load1 centurion fondation. Axial load capacity of cast in place piles from spt and.
Astmd8169 standard test methods for deep foundations. Load settlement curve for sample of pile load tests. Standard test methods for deep foundations under bi. Axial load test procedures for pile foundations introduction because of the nonavailability of reliable procedures for assessing the load transfer mechanisms between piles and surrounding soil, or for determining the ultimate capacity of piles, fullscale load tests are conducted. Eb 15025 page 1 of 55 geotechnical control procedure. Pile foundations, including helical screw foundations, that have been tested to. It is recommended that, during a lateral load test, an axial compressive load equal. Axial load test procedures for pile foundations cedengineering. The guidance is based on the present state of technology for pilesoilstructurefoundation interaction behavior.